GPU/Commands
This page describes the structure of the buffer submitted via the registers at 0x1EF018E0 (or equivalently via GX command 1). This buffer is used for GPU commands including functionality equivalent to OpenGL commands.
Overview
Each command is at least 8 bytes wide. The first word is the command parameter and the second word constitutes the command header. Optionally, more parameter words may follow (potentially including a padding word to align commands to multiples of 8 bytes).
In the simplest case, a command is exactly 8 bytes wide. You can think of such a command as writing the parameter word to an internal register (the index of which is given in the command header). The more general case where more than one parameter word is given is equivalent to multiple simple commands (one for each parameter word). If consecutive writing mode is enabled in the command header, the current command index will be incremented after each parameter write. Otherwise, the parameters will be consecutively written to the same register.
For example, the sequence "0xAAAAAAAA 0x802F011C 0xBBBBBBBB 0xCCCCCCCC" is equivalent to a call to commands 0xF011C with parameter 0xAAAAAAAA, 0xF011D with parameter 0xBBBBBBBB and 0xF011E with parameter 0xCCCCCCCC. If consecutive writing mode were disabled, the command would be equivalent to three consecutive calls to 0xF011C (once with parameter 0xAAAAAAAA, once with 0xBBBBBBBB, and finally with 0xCCCCCCCC).
Invalid GPU command parameters including NaN floats can cause the GPU to hang, which then causes the GSP module to hang as well.
Command Header
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 15-0 | Command ID |
| 19-16 | Parameter mask |
| 30-20 | Number of extra parameters (may be zero) |
| 31 | Consecutive writing mode |
Parameter masking
Using a value other than 0xF, parts of a word in internal GPU memory can be updated without touching the other bits of it. For example, setting bit 16 to zero indicates that the least significant byte of the parameter will not be overwritten, setting bit 17 to zero indicates that the parameter's second LSB will not be overwritten, etc. This means that for instance commands 0x00010107 and 0x00020107 refer to the same thing but write different parts of the parameter.
Command IDs
| CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0x0010 | Value is 0x12345678 | This command is always the last command in the buffer. |
| 0x0110 | Value 0x1 | This command is immediately before command 0x0010, this is also used elsewhere for beginning rendering of mesh(es) as well. |
| 0x0111 | Value 0x1 | This command is immediately before command 0x0110, however command 0x0110 doesn't always follow this command. |
| 0x0040 | u32, valid values are 0x1 and 0x2, values 0x0 and 0x3 have the same effect as value 0x2. Only bits 1-0 are used. | Value 2 = GL_FRONT/GL_CW or GL_BACK/GL_CCW. Value 1 = GL_FRONT/GL_CCW or GL_BACK/GL_CW. |
| 0x0041 | float24 | VIEWPORT_WIDTH. See command set 0x0041. |
| 0x0042 | float32 | VIEWPORT_WIDTH_INV. See command set 0x0041. |
| 0x0043 | float24 | VIEWPORT_HEIGHT. See command set 0x0041. |
| 0x0044 | float32 | VIEWPORT_HEIGHT_INV. See command set 0x0041. |
| 0x004D | See command set 0x004D. | |
| 0x0065 | Scissor test. See command set 0x0065. | |
| 0x0068 | u32 | VIEWPORT Y/X. See command set 0x0041. |
| 0x006D | See command set 0x004D. | |
| 0x006E | u32 | See command set 0x0111. |
| 0x006F | u32 | See command set 0x006F. |
| 0x0080 | u32 | See command set 0x0080. |
| 0x0081 | This is used to set the current texture info used for rendering, see command set 0x0081. | |
| 0x008E | u32 color type | This command sets the texture color type, see command set 0x0081. |
| 0x0091 | This sets current texture info, see command 0x0091. | |
| 0x0099 | This sets current texture info, see command 0x0099. | |
| 0x00C3 | val<<24 | Val is usually 0xFF or 0x00, however 0x00-0xFF is valid as well. This is alpha-blending related? |
| 0x00CB | val<<24 | Val is usually 0xFF or 0x00, however 0x00-0xFF is valid as well. This is alpha-blending related? |
| 0x00C0 | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00C4 | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00C8 | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00CC | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00D0 | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00D4 | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00D8 | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00DC | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00F0 | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00F4 | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00F8 | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00FC | See command set 0x00C0. | |
| 0x00E0 | Normally value zero. | Unknown, fragment related? |
| 0x00E0 | See command set 0x00E0. | |
| 0x00E1 | See command set 0x00E0. | |
| 0x00E6 | Value zero | See command set 0x00E6. |
| 0x00E8 | See command set 0x00E6. | |
| 0x0100 | u32, value is 0x00E40100 | See command set 0x0100. |
| 0x0100 | 0x00E40000 | val. | See command set 0x0100. |
| 0x0101 | u32 | See command set 0x0100. |
| 0x0102 | u32 | See command set 0x0100. |
| 0x0103 | See command set 0x0100. | |
| 0x0104 | u32 | glAlphaFunc() |
| 0x0105 | u32 | Stencil test settings |
| 0x0106 | u32 | Stencil replacement operators |
| 0x0107 | See command set command 0x0107. | |
| 0x0116 | u32 | DEPTHBUFFER FORMAT. See command set 0x0111. |
| 0x0117 | u32 | COLORBUFFER FORMAT/PIXEL. See command set 0x0111. |
| 0x011C | Physical address>>3 | DEPTHBUFFER ADDRESS. See command set 0x0111. |
| 0x011D | Physical address>>3 | COLORBUFFER ADDRESS. See command set 0x0111. |
| 0x011E | u32 | COLORBUFFER HEIGHT/WIDTH. See command set 0x0111. |
| 0x0112 | ? | |
| 0x01C5 | (dmp_FragmentLightSource ID)<<8 | (sampler ID)<<11 ? | This command is in conjunction with 0x01C8 used to send fragment 1D samplers. (LUTs) sampler ID 1 for sampler samplerSP and 2 for samplerDA |
| 0x01C8 | LUT as parameter | Used to send fragment LUT data. |
| 0x0200 | See command set 0x0200. | |
| 0x0126 | See command set command 0x0107. | |
| 0x0227 | u32 | This specifies the address of an array containing vertex array indices, and the data-type of the indices, used for rendering primitives. See command set glDrawElements(). |
| 0x0228 | u32 total elements in the array to use for rendering. | See command set glDrawElements(). |
| 0x0232 | See command set 0x0200. | |
| 0x025E | u32, val<<8. | This sets the GL rendering mode, see command set 0x0200. |
| 0x0280 | u32, value is 0x7FFF0000 | val. | Used to set geo shader boolean uniforms. ((val>>i)&1 = !b_i) value (b0 = False => val&1 == 1) |
| 0x0281 | u32, value is (x&0xff)|((y&0xff)<<8)|((z&0xff)<<16)|((w&0xff)<<24). | Used to set i0 (geo shader) |
| 0x0282 | u32, value is (x&0xff)|((y&0xff)<<8)|((z&0xff)<<16)|((w&0xff)<<24). | Used to set i1 (geo shader) |
| 0x0283 | u32, value is (x&0xff)|((y&0xff)<<8)|((z&0xff)<<16)|((w&0xff)<<24). | Used to set i2 (geo shader) |
| 0x0284 | u32, value is (x&0xff)|((y&0xff)<<8)|((z&0xff)<<16)|((w&0xff)<<24). | Used to set i3 (geo shader) |
| 0x028A | 0x7FFF0000 | entrypoint offset | Sets the entrypoint offset for the geometry shader program |
| 0x0290 | 0x80000000 | Type | Geometry shader equivalent of 0x02C0 |
| 0x02B0 | u32, value is 0x7FFF0000 | val. | Used to set vertex shader boolean uniforms. ((val>>i)&1 = !b_i) value (b0 = False => val&1 == 1) |
| 0x02B1 | u32, value is (x&0xff)|((y&0xff)<<8)|((z&0xff)<<16)|((w&0xff)<<24). | Used to set i0 (vertex shader) |
| 0x02B2 | u32, value is (x&0xff)|((y&0xff)<<8)|((z&0xff)<<16)|((w&0xff)<<24). | Used to set i1 (vertex shader) |
| 0x02B3 | u32, value is (x&0xff)|((y&0xff)<<8)|((z&0xff)<<16)|((w&0xff)<<24). | Used to set i2 (vertex shader) |
| 0x02B4 | u32, value is (x&0xff)|((y&0xff)<<8)|((z&0xff)<<16)|((w&0xff)<<24). | Used to set i3 (vertex shader) |
| 0x02BB | See command set 0x0200. | |
| 0x02BA | 0x7FFF0000 | entrypoint offset | Sets the entrypoint offset for the vertex shader program |
| 0x02C0 | 0x80000000 | Type | This is used immediately before command 0x02C1. This type field controls the command parameter buffer type. This command can also be used to send over (float24 only ?) data directly, without using 0x02C1. In that case, the first parameter is still Type but with bit 31 not set; the actual data follows. |
| 0x02C1 | First word in the first entry | A list of entries follow this command. |
| 0x02C2 | First word in the first entry | Alias for 0x02C1 |
| 0x02C3 | First word in the first entry | Alias for 0x02C1 |
| 0x02C4 | First word in the first entry | Alias for 0x02C1 |
| 0x02C5 | First word in the first entry | Alias for 0x02C1 |
| 0x02C6 | First word in the first entry | Alias for 0x02C1 |
| 0x02C7 | First word in the first entry | Alias for 0x02C1 |
| 0x02C8 | First word in the first entry | Alias for 0x02C1 |
| 0x029B | Value 0x0 ? | This is used immediately before command 0x029C. It is used to indicate that geometry shader program data will follow. |
| 0x029C | First word of geometry shader program data chunk. | This command is used to transfer geometry shader program data (as the parameter data). It can be called multiple times in a row if the shader program is too big to fit into a single call. |
| 0x028F | Value 0x1 ? | This is used immediately after a set of command 0x029C. It is used to indicate that geometry shader program data transfer is complete. |
| 0x02A5 | Value 0x0 ? | This is used immediately before command 0x02A6. |
| 0x02A6 | First entry. | This is used to send over the geometry shader program operand descriptor table. |
| 0x02CB | Value 0x0 ? | This is used immediately before command 0x02CC. It is used to indicate that shader program data will follow. |
| 0x02CC | First word of vertex shader program data chunk. | This command is used to transfer vertex shader program data (as the parameter data). It can be called multiple times in a row if the vertex shader program is too big to fit into a single call. |
| 0x02BF | Value 0x1 ? | This is used immediately after a set of command 0x02CC. It is used to indicate that vertex shader program data transfer is complete. |
| 0x02D5 | Value 0x0 ? | This is used immediately before command 0x02A6. |
| 0x02D6 | First entry. | This is used to send over the vertex shader program operand descriptor table. |
| 0x004F | Number of vertex shader output attributes | Sets number of vertex shader output attributes |
| 0x0050 | First entry | This command is used to setup vertex shader output registers. The n-th word-long entry is a map of the (n*2)-th output register's components. Each byte of each entry corresponds to where a component is mapped. Value 0x1F indicates that the corresponding component is unused. |
Command Sets
glDrawElements()
See GPU GL Arrays.
glClear() / glClearColor()
The GPU does not have dedicated commands for clearing the color buffer, therefore applications implement color buffer clearing by rendering a quad. Applications normally store this vertex and color array in the GSP application heap.
Command 0x0081
This sets current texture info, see GPU textures.
Command 0x0065
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x0065 | Scissor test enable | 0 = disabled, 1 = inverted (pixels within the scissor box are excluded), 2 = disabled, 3 = normal (pixels outside of the scissor box are excluded) |
| 1 | 0x0066 | Scissor box X/Y | Bit 0-15: X, bit 16-31: Y |
| 2 | 0x0067 | Scissor box width/height | Bit 0-15: width-1, bit 16-31: height-1 |
Command 0x006F
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x006F | Typically only bit8-10 are used. | Bit8 enables texture coordinate output for texture unit 0, bit9 enables texcoords for texture unit 1, and bit2 enables texcoords for texture unit 2. |
Command 0x0080
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x0080 | 0x11000 | val, where only bits 2-0 are used in val. | bit0-2 enables/disables texture units 0-2 respectively |
Note that bit0-2 in this command only enable texture processing. For texturing to work fully, the corresponding texture coordinate outputs must be enabled as well via command 0x006F.
Command 0x00C0
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | SlotCmdID | ||
| 1 | SlotCmdID + 4 |
This is used for glTexEnv(), for the slot indicated by the command id. There's a total of 6 slots, where each slot corresponds to the following u16 command ids: 0xC0, 0xC8, 0xD0, 0xD8, 0xF0, 0xF8.
Command 0x00E0
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x00E0 | 5 | val<<16, where val is 0 or 1. | Val0 = enable, val1 = disable. |
| 1 | 0x00E1 | This specifies a color. |
This is usually used immediately after command set glDrawElements(). This is used to specify a color used for blending?
Command 0x00E6
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x00E6 | Value 0 | ? |
| 1 | 0x00E8 |
This is usually the last command set used for rendering a mesh, when command set 0x00E0 was used. This command set is used immediately after command set 0x00E0.
Command 0x0100
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x0100 | Value 0x00E40100 | Controls color compositing |
| 1 | 0x0101 | 0x01010000 when disabled | Alphablending equations and factors |
| 2 | 0x0103 | This is set to zero when the command 0x0101 parameter is value 0x01010000. | Constant color for alphablending |
This is fragment related?
Command 0x004D
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x004D | glDepthRange() | |
| 1 | 0x006D | 0 = unknown, 1 = unknown. | Value zero causes the mesh to not be rendered. |
Command 0x0041
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x0041 | float | This corresponds to the framebuffer width. |
| 1 | 0x0043 | float | This parameter value is calculated the same way as the command 0x0041 parameter, except the framebuffer height is used instead. |
| 2 | 0x0042 | float | This corresponds to the framebuffer width. |
| 3 | 0x0044 | float | This parameter value value is calculated the same way as the command 0x0042 parameter, except the framebuffer height is used instead. |
| 4 | 0x0068 | u32 | This sets the X/Y coordinates used for glViewport(). |
This command set initializes the projection matrix. This command set is used twice when beginning rendering for each screen. The framebuffer width used here for the main screen is 240, however this is 480 with stereoscopy enabled for the second time this command set is used.
Command 0x0111
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x0111 | Value 1 | |
| 1 | 0x0110 | Value 1 | |
| 2 | 0x0117 | Bits15-0 = unk, 31-16 = unk. | Unknown, normally the input parameter is value 0x2. |
| 3 | 0x011D | Physical address>>3 | This initializes the framebuffer address used for rendering, this framebuffer is used for the input framebuffer with GX command 3 and 4. This command is used immediately after command 0x0117. |
| 4 | 0x0116 | ? | |
| 5 | 0x011C | Physical address>>3 | Unknown, normally this address is located in VRAM. |
| 6 | 0x011E | (((h-1)&0xFFF)<<12)|(w&0xFFF) | This sets the width and height for the framebuffer used for rendering. Therefore this is glViewport(), x/y are specified by command 0x0068. |
| 7 | 0x006E | Same input parameter value as command 0x011E. |
This command set is normally used after the two 0x0041 command sets.
Command 0x0107
| Command Index | CommandID | Parameter | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0x0107 | ||
| 1 | 0x0126 | type<<24 |
This command set is used for disabling the alpha-blending info set by command set 0x0107? The GL AlphaFunction used here is normally GL_ALWAYS.
Parameter format for command 0x0107
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0 = disable GL_DEPTH_TEST, 1 = enable GL_DEPTH_TEST |
| 3-1 | Unused? |
| 7-4 | Depth test function |
| 8 | Enable color writing for red component |
| 9 | Enable color writing for green component |
| 10 | Enable color writing for blue component |
| 11 | Enable color writing for alpha component |
| 12 | Enable depth writing (doesn't affect stencil writing) |
| 31-13 | Unused |
Alpha function values
| Value | GL AlphaFunction |
|---|---|
| 0 | GL_NEVER |
| 1 | GL_ALWAYS |
| 2 | GL_EQUAL |
| 3 | GL_NOTEQUAL |
| 4 | GL_LESS |
| 5 | GL_LEQUAL |
| 6 | GL_GREATER |
| 7 | GL_GEQUAL |
Alpha types for command 0x0126
| Type | GL AlphaFunction |
|---|---|
| 0 | GL_NEVER |
| 1 | GL_ALWAYS |
| 2 | GL_GREATER/GL_GEQUAL |
| 3 | The remaining GL alpha functions. |
Parameter value format for command 0x0104
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0 = disable GL_ALPHA_TEST, 1 = enable GL_ALPHA_TEST |
| 3-1 | Unused? |
| 7-4 | Alpha function |
| 15-8 | u8 ref, range is 0-255 |
| 31-16 | Unused? |
This is glAlphaFunc().
Parameter value format for command 0x011E
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 11-0 | Framebuffer/viewport width |
| 23-12 | Framebuffer/viewport height - 1 |
| 24 | Must be set |
| 31-25 | Unused? |
This specifies the width/height for glViewport(). Normally the framebuffer width and height is set to the same dimensions used with GX command 3 and 4.
Parameter value format for command 0x0068
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 15-0 | X |
| 31-16 | Y |
This specifies the X/Y coordinates for glViewport().
Parameter structure for command 0x00C0
| Index Word | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | Value 0xFFF0FFF / 0x0 |
| 1 | Value 0x0 |
| 2 | Value 0x0 |
| 3 | Value 0xFFFFFFFF |
| 4 | Value 0x0 |
This individual command is used instead of the 0x80XF00C0 command set when none of the associated rendering parameters for this slot are set.
Parameter structure for command 0x00C0
| Index Word | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | Param0 |
| 1 | Param1 |
| 2 | Param2 |
See command set 0x80XF00C0.
Param0 format for command 0x00C0
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 3-0 | See below values.(Field0 index0) |
| 7-4 | See below values.(Field0 index1) |
| 11-8 | See below values.(Field0 index2) |
| 15-12 | Unused |
| 19-16 | See below values.(Field1 index0) |
| 23-20 | See below values.(Field1 index1) |
| 27-24 | See below values.(Field1 index2) |
| 31-28 | Unused |
Param0 values for command 0x00C0
| Value | GL type |
|---|---|
| 0x0 | GL_PRIMARY_COLOR |
| 0x1 | ? |
| 0x2 | ? |
| 0x3 | GL_TEXTURE0 |
| 0x4 | GL_TEXTURE1 |
| 0x5 | GL_TEXTURE2 |
| 0x6 | GL_TEXTURE3 |
| 0xC-0x7 | GL_PRIMARY_COLOR |
| 0xD | ? |
| 0xE | GL_CONSTANT |
| 0xF | GL_PREVIOUS |
Param1 format for command 0x00C0
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 3-0 | See below values for field0.(Index0) |
| 7-4 | See below values for field0.(Index1) |
| 11-8 | See below values for field0.(Index2) |
| 15-12 | See below values for field1.(Index0) |
| 19-16 | See below values for field1.(Index1) |
| 23-20 | See below values for field1.(Index2) |
| 31-24 | Unused |
This specifies the pname for glTexEnv().
Param1 field0 values for command 0x00C0
| Value | GL type |
|---|---|
| 0x0 | GL_SRC_COLOR |
| 0x1 | GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR |
| 0x2 | GL_SRC_ALPHA |
| 0x3 | GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA |
| 0x4 | GL_SRC0_RGB |
| 0x5 | ? |
| 0x6 | GL_SRC_COLOR |
| 0x7 | GL_SRC_COLOR |
| 0x8 | GL_SRC1_RGB |
| 0x9 | ? |
| 0xA | GL_SRC_COLOR |
| 0xB | GL_SRC_COLOR |
| 0xC | GL_SRC2_RGB |
| 0xD | ? |
Param1 field1 values for command 0x00C0
| Value | GL type |
|---|---|
| 0x0 | GL_SRC_ALPHA |
| 0x1 | GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA |
| 0x2 | GL_SRC0_RGB |
| 0x3 | ? |
| 0x4 | GL_SRC1_RGB |
| 0x5 | ? |
| 0x6 | GL_SRC2_RGB |
| 0x7 | ? |
Param2 format for command 0x00C0
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 15-0 | See below field0 values. |
| 31-16 | See below field1 values. |
This is used to specify the param for glTexEnv(..., ..., param).
Param2 field0 values for command 0x00C0
| Value | GL type |
|---|---|
| 0x0 | GL_REPLACE |
| 0x1 | GL_MODULATE |
| 0x2 | GL_ADD |
| 0x3 | GL_ADD_SIGNED |
| 0x4 | GL_INTERPOLATE |
| 0x5 | GL_SUBTRACT |
| 0x6 | GL_DOT3_RGB |
| 0x7 | GL_DOT3_RGBA |
| 0x8 | ? |
| 0x9 | ? |
Param2 field1 values for command 0x00C0
| Value | GL type |
|---|---|
| 0x0 | GL_REPLACE |
| 0x1 | GL_MODULATE |
| 0x2 | GL_ADD |
| 0x3 | GL_ADD_SIGNED |
| 0x4 | GL_INTERPOLATE |
| 0x5 | GL_SUBTRACT |
| 0x6 | GL_REPLACE |
| 0x7 | GL_DOT3_RGB |
| 0x8 | ? |
| 0x9 | ? |
Parameter value format for command 0x00C4
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 15-0 | Valid values: 0=unknown, 1=unknown, 2=unknown. |
| 31-16 | Same format as bits15-0. |
See command set 0x80XF00C0.
Parameter value format for command 0x00E1
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 7-0 | Red component |
| 15-8 | Green component |
| 23-16 | Blue component |
| 31-24 | Unused |
Parameter value format for command 0x0100
This command controls color compositing. It is typically used right after commands 0x0101 or 0x0102 to select the appropriate blending mode.
Alphablending and color logic op can't be used together. Attempting to issue commands 0x0101 and 0x0102 at the same time can freeze the GPU.
For blending to work correctly, color buffer reading needs to be enabled (see command set 0x0112). Otherwise zero values will be used as destination color/alpha.
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | Weird mode (see below) |
| 1 | When set, nothing is drawn to the color, depth and stencil buffers. This bit can cause a noisy picture when used with bit 0 (this seems to also cause the depth buffer's endianness to be reversed, and forces stencil values to 0xFF). |
| 8 | Selects blending mode. 0 = color logic op, 1 = alphablending |
| 23-16 | Unknown, typically set to 0xE4. No observed effect when changing this. |
| 25-24 | 0 = normal, 1-3 = apply dithering (3 = 0% source) |
When "weird mode" is enabled, the source color/alpha values are ignored. Instead, each 16-bit value in the destination color buffer is converted according to its bits 14-8, as follows:
* if bits 14-8 are between 0x00 and 0x03, the value is replaced with 0x0000 * if bits 14-8 are between 0x7D and 0x7F, the value is replaced with 0x7FFF * in all other cases, the value is left unchanged
Parameter value format for command 0x0101
This command controls alphablending. To disable alphablending, the value is set to 0x01010000.
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 7-0 | Color blend equation |
| 15-8 | Alpha blend equation |
| 19-16 | Color source factor |
| 23-20 | Color destination factor |
| 27-24 | Alpha source factor |
| 31-28 | Alpha destination factor |
Blend equation values:
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | GL_FUNC_ADD |
| 1 | GL_FUNC_SUBTRACT |
| 2 | GL_FUNC_REVERSE_SUBTRACT |
| 3 | GL_MIN |
| 4 | GL_MAX |
Source/destination factor values:
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | GL_ZERO |
| 1 | GL_ONE |
| 2 | GL_SRC_COLOR |
| 3 | GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR |
| 4 | GL_DST_COLOR |
| 5 | GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR |
| 6 | GL_SRC_ALPHA |
| 7 | GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA |
| 8 | GL_DST_ALPHA |
| 9 | GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA |
| 10 | GL_CONSTANT_COLOR |
| 11 | GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR |
| 12 | GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA |
| 13 | GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA |
| 14 | GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE |
Parameter value format for command 0x0102
This command controls color logic op.
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 3-0 | Logic operation |
Logic operation values:
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | GL_CLEAR |
| 1 | GL_AND |
| 2 | GL_AND_REVERSE |
| 3 | GL_COPY |
| 4 | GL_SET |
| 5 | GL_COPY_INVERTED |
| 6 | GL_NOOP |
| 7 | GL_INVERT |
| 8 | GL_NAND |
| 9 | GL_OR |
| 10 | GL_NOR |
| 11 | GL_XOR |
| 12 | GL_EQUIV |
| 13 | GL_AND_INVERTED |
| 14 | GL_OR_REVERSE |
| 15 | GL_OR_INVERTED |
Parameter value format for command 0x0105
This command controls stencil testing.
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | Enable stencil test |
| 7-4 | Stencil test function (values same as for alpha and depth tests) |
| 15-8 | Replacement value, used as specified by command 0x0106 |
| 23-16 | Reference value for the stencil test. Note that the test does "reference FUNC value". |
| 31-24 | Mask for the stencil test. |
Parameter value format for command 0x0106
This command controls stencil buffer replacement.
| Bit | Description |
|---|---|
| 2-0 | Action when the stencil test fails |
| 6-4 | Action when the stencil test passes but the depth test fails |
| 10-8 | Action when both stencil test and depth test pass |
Action values:
| Value | Final stencil value |
|---|---|
| 0 | destination |
| 1 | destination & ~source |
| 2 | same as 1 |
| 3 | Weird operation. |
| 4 | Weird operation. TODO: find out what it is exactly. |
| 5 | destination ^ source |
| 6 | Another weird operation. |
| 7 | same as 4 |
'destination' is the value present in the stencil buffer, 'source' is the replacement value specified in command 0x0105.
Parameter structure for command 0x004D
| Index Word | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | float far |
| 1 | float near |
This is glDepthRange().
Parameter structure for command 0x00E8
| Index Word | Description |
|---|---|
| 0x7D-0x00 | Usually value 0x00FFE000. |
| 0x7E | Usually value 0x00FFFEE6? |
| 0x7F | Usually value 0x00DCD919? |
Parameter structure for command 0x0112
| Index Word | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | Setting bits 3-0 to a nonzero value allows the GPU to read from the color buffer. |
| 1 | Setting bits 3-0 to a nonzero value allows the GPU to write to the color buffer. |
| 2 | Setting bits 1-0 to a nonzero value allows the GPU to read from the depth/stencil buffer. |
| 3 | Setting bits 1-0 to a nonzero value allows the GPU to write to the depth/stencil buffer. |
Entries for command 0x02C1
| Index Word | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | float, the GPU handles this as the 4th word. |
| 1 | float, the GPU handles this as the 3rd word. |
| 2 | float, the GPU handles this as the 2nd word. |
| 3 | float, the GPU handles this as the 1st word. |
The below entry structure info is in the raw order used for the command, not the order used by the GPU.
Color Entry
| Index Word | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | float Red component |
| 1 | float Blue component |
| 2 | float Green component |
| 3 | float Alpha |
Lighting Color Entry
| Index Word | Description |
|---|---|
| 0 | float Alpha |
| 1 | float Blue component |
| 2 | float Green component |
| 3 | float Red component |
Types for command 0x02C0
The 0x02C0/0x02C1 is actually used as a generic way to set uniforms, regardless of what they represent. 0x02C0's parameter represents the ID of the destination GPU register (0x0 is c0, 0x1 is c1 etc). As such, the meaning of the data being sent over is entirely dependant on the shader currently in use. The values below may be "default" values used by Nintendo's openGL implementation.
| Value | Entries per chunk | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0x00 | 4 | This specifies 16-floats for a 4x4 matrix, used for glLoadMatrix() for the projection matrix. |
| 0x04 | 4 | This specifies a 4x4 matrix, used for glLoadMatrix() for the model-view matrix. This is usually an identity matrix. |
| 0x08 | 2 | Sets the color. |
| 0x0A | 4 | Specifies a 4x4 matrix, used for glLoadMatrix() for the texture matrix.(Index0) |
| 0x0E | 3 | Specifies a 4x3 texture matrix.(Index1) |
| 0x11 | 3 | Specifies a 4x3 texture matrix.(Index2) |
| 0x14 | <=30 | Used to specify a 4xN matrix, where N is the total command 0x02C1 entries. This is glMultMatrix() for the model-view matrix, except the input matrix is 4xN instead of 4x4. |
| 0x4C | 4 | This specifies a 4x4 float matrix. |
| 0x50, 0x53, and 0x56 | 1 | This specifies the GL_LIGHT0-2 color for GL_AMBIENT? |
| 0x51, 0x54, and 0x57 | 1 | This specifies the GL_LIGHT0-2 color for GL_DIFFUSE? |
| 0x52, 0x55, and 0x58 | 1 | This specifies the GL_LIGHT0-2 color for GL_SPECULAR? |
| 0x59 | 1 | Unknown, the entry data is floats converted from s32s. Usually each entry word is zeros. |
| 0x5A | 2 | Color related? |
| 0x5C | 1 | ? |
The matrices for types 0x00 and 0x04 use row-major order, instead of column-major order.