Difference between revisions of "Hardware"

Latest revision as of 00:36, 21 July 2024

This page lists and describes the hardware found inside the Nintendo 3DS. Many of these parts are custom made and are expanded upon here or in other pages.

Common hardware[edit]

Type	Description
ARM11 Processor Core	Old3DS: ARM11 2x MPCore & 2x VFPv2 Co-Processor 268MHz (268,111,856.0 ± 2^-32 Hz, i.e. exactly twice the clock rate of the ARM9). New3DS: 4x MPCore, 4x VFPv2, able to run up to 804MHz (see below). It also has an optional 2MB L2 cache.
ARM9 Processor Core	ARM946 134MHz (134,055,927.9 ± 2^-32 Hz),
GPU	DMP PICA 268MHz,
VRAM	6 MB within SoC.
Top screen	800x240, with only 400 usable pixels per eye per line.
Bottom screen	320x240, with resistive touch overlay.
DSP	CEVA TeakLite. 134Mhz. 24ch 32728Hz sampling rates.

New3DS exclusives are able to clock the CPU at 804MHz, but this appears to be limited to the currently running application/app cores. Timed by running svcGetSystemTick on either side of a long idle loop to stay in the current process context. svcGetSystemTick uses a tick counter running at 268MHz in this mode.

On New3DS: when Home Menu is active, the system runs at 804MHz. For everything else, it's 268MHz, except when the app(let) has the required flag set. See here and here for details, regarding clock-rate and cache.

For New3DS-only there are multiple clock-rate multiplier values available in hardware, but since the relevant code is only implemented in the New3DS ARM11-kernel, the only non-normal clock-rate available with official kernel code is 3x.

Specifications[edit]

Type	3DS	3DSXL	2DS	N3DS	N3DSXL	N2DSXL
Model	CTR-001	SPR-001	FTR-001	KTR-001	RED-001	JAN-001
SoC	CPU CTR	CPU CTR A CPU CTR	CPU CTR B	CPU LGR A	CPU LGR A	CPU LGR A
FCRAM	2x64MB Fujitsu MB82M8080-07L	Fujitsu MB82DBS16641	Fujitsu MB82DBS1664	??	Fujitsu MB82MK9A9A	Fujitsu MB82MK9A9A
Top Screen	3.53 in, 3D	4.88 in, 3D	3.53 in cropped from a single panel	3.88 in, 3D	4.88 in, 3D	4.88 in (?)
Bottom Screen	3.00 in	4.18 in	3.00 in cropped from a single panel	3.33 in	4.18 in	4.18 in (?)
Storage	Toshiba THGBM2G3P1FBAI8 1GB		Changed between O3DS and N3DS parts depending on production date	Samsung KLM4G1YEQC 4GB (in 1.3GiB SLC mode) or Toshiba THGBMBG4P1KBAIT 2GB (MLC, approx. 1.8GiB usable)		Samsung KLM4G1FEPD 4GB
Speaker, Microphone, Circlepad, Touch controller	TI PAIC3010B 0AA37DW	??	TI AIC3010D 35AQ9NW	TI AIC3010B 39C4ETW	TI AIC3010D 48C01JW	??
Gyroscope	Invensense ITG-3270 MEMS Gyroscope	??	??	??	??	??
Accelerometer	ST Micro 2048 33DH X1MAQ Accelerometer Model LIS331DH	??	??	??	??	??
Infrared IC	NXP S750 0803 TSD031C	??	??	??	NXP S750 1603 TSD438C	NXP S750 0210 TSD651C
Custom Microcontroller	Renesas UC CTR	??	Renesas UC CTR 324KM47 KG10	Renesas UC KTR	Renesas UC KTR 442KM13 TK14	??
PMIC?	TI 93045A4 OAAH86W	??	??	TI 93045A4 38A6TYW G2	TI 93045A4 49AF3NW G2	TI 93045A4 72ASRHW G2
Charging IC	CKP TI BQ24072
Wifi	Atheros AR6014	??	??	??	Atheros AR6014G-AL1C	??
Wifi SPI Flash	Raw ID data: 20 58	??	??	Raw ID data: 62 62	??	??

[11] Official Documentation

[5],[10] According to iFixit.com (source):

Datasheet for memory is for a chip in the same series, it has less memory than the one inside the 3DS (128mbits vs 512mbits).

There is a trove of data on the FCC website at [1].

[12] This IC is somewhat similar to this.

The Raw ID data for Wifi SPI Flash is from command 0x9F, RDID.

FCRAM[edit]

There is one FCRAM (Fast Cycle RAM) IC in the 3DS, produced by Fujitsu and branded as MB82M8080-07L. The Fujitsu MB82M8080-07L chip internally contains 2 dies, where each die is branded MB81EDS516545 and MB82DBS08645.

The MB81EDS516545 die is a CMOS Fast Cycle Random Access Memory (FCRAM) with Low Power Double Data Rate (LPDDR) SDRAM Interface containing 512MBit storage accessible in a 64-bit format. The MB81EDS516545 is suited for consumer applications requiring high data bandwidth with low power consumption.

SoC[edit]

The 3DS has much of it's internals housed in a SoC (System on Chip) just like it's predecessors. This is done to reduce build costs, cut down on power consumption, as well as make the PCB layout less complex and make the system harder to tamper with. The SoC, branded as the Nintendo 1048 0H, contains the CPU, GPU, DSP and VRAM.

According to official documents, the CPU used is a dual-core ARM11 CPU, clocked at 268MHz. One core is dedicated to system software, while the other is used for application programming, each known as the syscore and appcore, respectively.

GPU[edit]

Designed by Digital Media Professionals Inc. (DMP) and codenamed PICA200, 268Mhz.

Block diagram of an ULTRAY2000 based architecture PICA200:

PICA200 is compatible with OpenGL ES 1.1. It furthermore provides unique functionality for:

Per-fragment lighting ("Lighting Maestro")
Hard- and soft-shadowing ("Shadow Maestro")
Polygon subdivision ("Figure Maestro")
Bump mapping and procedural textures ("Mapping Maestro")
Rendering of gaseous objects ("Particle Maestro")

Some parts of the extended functionality are provided in hardware by an extended geometry pipeline. Most importantly, PICA200 has three programmable vertex processors. There is furthermore a unit called Primitive Engine, which is a geometry shader unit (using the same instruction set as vertex shaders) with support for variable-size primitives. The Primitive Engine functionality may be disabled, and the geometry shader unit then acts as a fourth vertex processor. See Shader_Instruction_Set for more information on the shader instruction set.

Fragment lighting is implemented as an optional pipeline step during pixel processing. It's implemented by having the vertex shader output an additional attribute describing the transformation (represented by a quaternion) to surface-local space. This per-vertex quaternion can then be interpolated across screen space to calculate dot products relevant for lighting (e.g. light vector dot normal vector). To provide support for advanced lighting models, these dot products are used as indices into programmable lookup tables. With this setup, PICA200 in particular supports the shading models Blinn-Phong, Cook-Terrance, Ward, and microfacet-based BRDF-models.

PICA200 supports four texture units, the fourth of which is used exclusively for procedural texture generation.

SDIO controller[edit]

Nintendo recommends SD cards up to 32 GB. The internal SDIO controller seems to support SD cards up to 2.199 Terabyte (32-bit sector number). Up to 2TB (AGI TF138) has been tested and works, however larger SD sizes increase system boot time. The larger the SD capacity, the greater the bootup slowdown. 64-128GB tends to be the sweet spot for most users, with only an extra 0.5-1.0 seconds added to boot time as the tradeoff for the larger size.

SD cards should be formatted FAT32 with a 64KB unit size for maximum compatibility.

Capacity	Boot time (NEW2DS)	Boot time (OLD3DS)
No SD cards	7 seconds	8 seconds
16GB	10 seconds	11 seconds
64GB	12 seconds	11 seconds
256GB	19 seconds	20 seconds
2TB	60 seconds	60 seconds

Tests were made on NEW2DS 11.16.0.49J and OLD3DS 11.15.0.47J.
Boot time is the time until you see the home menu (software icons are still loading) after pressing power button.

Images[edit]

Front[edit]

High Resolution

Back[edit]

High Resolution

NAND pinout[edit]

NAND dumping has been successful, but the image is encrypted.

Normal model[edit]

XL model[edit]

2DS[edit]

New 3DS[edit]

New 3DS XL[edit]

WiFi dongle pinout[edit]

SDIO interface is colored red:

CLK
CMD
D0, D1, D2, D3

This is the interface for the 'NEW' WiFi module (based on Atheros AR6002) first included in DSi.

The proprietary DS-mode WiFi is colored yellow, pins are unknown.

I²C eeprom is colored blue:

SCL
SDA

SPI Flash is colored purple:

CLK
CS#
SI
SO
WP#
NC

Auxiliary Microcontroller (MCU)[edit]

Monitors HOME button, WiFi switch, 3D slider, volume control slider. Controls LEDs, various power supplies via an I²C connection to the PMIC.

Two I²C buses are attached to the MCU. For one, the SoC is the master; for the other, the MCU is the master.

Devices attached to MCU master I²C bus:

MCU (master)
Fuel Gauge
Accelerometer (slave address 0x18)
PMIC
maybe more?

Devices attached to the SoC master I²C bus:

SoC (master)
MCU
LCD
Camera
QTM (New3DS-only)

The MCU uses the RL78 ISA.

The MCU uses some custom Special Function Registers, but documentation for much of the hardware protocol/general SFRs can be found here.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 This page lists and describes the hardware found inside the Nintendo 3DS. Many of these parts are custom made and are expanded upon here or in other pages.
 == Common hardware ==
@@ Line 6: / Line 5: @@
 ! Type !! Description
 |-
-| ARM11 Processor Core || [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0360f/index.html ARM11 2x MPCore & 2x VFPv2 Co-Processor] 268MHz(~268123480 Hz).
+| ARM11 Processor Core || Old3DS: [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0360f/index.html ARM11 2x MPCore & 2x VFPv2 Co-Processor] 268MHz (268,111,856.0 ± 2<sup>-32</sup> Hz, i.e. exactly twice the clock rate of the ARM9).
-On New3DS models, there is instead 4x MPCore & 4x VFPv2.
+New3DS: 4x MPCore, 4x VFPv2, able to run up to 804MHz (see below). It also has an optional 2MB L2 cache.
 |-
-| ARM9 Processor Core || [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0201d/index.html ARM946] 134MHz(~134058675 Hz),
+| ARM9 Processor Core || [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0201d/index.html ARM946] 134MHz (134,055,927.9 ± 2<sup>-32</sup> Hz),
 |-
 | GPU || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PICA200 DMP PICA] 268MHz,
+|-
+| VRAM || 6 MB within SoC.
+|-
+| Top screen || 800x240, with only 400 usable pixels per eye per line.
+|-
+| Bottom screen || 320x240, with resistive touch overlay.
 |-
 | DSP || [https://twitter.com/CEVADSP/status/177172880918986752 CEVA TeakLite]. 134Mhz. 24ch 32728Hz sampling rates.
-|-
-| VRAM || 6 MB within SoC.
 |}
+New3DS exclusives are able to clock the CPU at 804MHz, but this appears to be limited to the currently running application/app cores. Timed by running svcGetSystemTick on either side of a long idle loop to stay in the current process context. svcGetSystemTick uses a tick counter running at 268MHz in this mode.
+On New3DS: when Home Menu is active, the system runs at 804MHz. For everything else, it's 268MHz, except when the app(let) has the required flag set. See [[NCCH/Extended_Header|here]] and [[PDN_Registers|here]] for details, regarding clock-rate and cache.
+For New3DS-only there are multiple clock-rate multiplier values available in [[PDN_Registers|hardware]], but since the relevant code is only implemented in the New3DS ARM11-kernel, the only non-normal clock-rate available with official kernel code is 3x.
 == Specifications ==
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Type !! 3DS !! 3DSXL !! 2DS !! N3DS !! N3DSXL
+! Type !! 3DS !! 3DSXL !! 2DS !! N3DS !! N3DSXL !! N2DSXL
 |-
-| SoC || CPU CTR (1048 0H)
+| Model || CTR-001 || SPR-001 || FTR-001 || KTR-001 || RED-001 || JAN-001
-CPU CTR (1214 32)
-|| CPU CTR A (1226 60)
-CPU CTR (1037 21)
-|| CPU CTR B (??) || CPU LGR A (1444 86) || CPU LGR A (1446 17)
 |-
-| FCRAM || [http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MICRO/fma/pdf/MB81EDS516545_e511463.pdf 2x64MB Fujitsu MB82M8080-07L] || Fujitsu MB82DBS16641 || Fujitsu MB82DBS1664 || ?? || Fujitsu MB82MK9A9A
+| SoC || CPU CTR
+|| CPU CTR A
+CPU CTR
+|| CPU CTR B  || CPU LGR A  || CPU LGR A  || CPU LGR A
 |-
-| Storage || Toshiba THGBM2G3P1FBAI8 1GB || ?? || Toshiba THGBM4G3P1H8BAIR 1GB || Samsung KLM4G1YEQC 4GB || Samsung KLM4G1YEMD-B031 4GB
+| FCRAM || [https://web.archive.org/web/20221022124807/https://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MICRO/fma/pdf/MB81EDS516545_e511463.pdf 2x64MB Fujitsu MB82M8080-07L] || Fujitsu MB82DBS16641 || Fujitsu MB82DBS1664 || ?? || Fujitsu MB82MK9A9A || Fujitsu MB82MK9A9A
 |-
-| Audio Codec || TI PAIC3010B 0AA37DW || ?? || ?? || TI AIC3010B 39C4ETW  || TI AIC3010D 48C01JW
+| Top Screen ||  3.53 in, 3D || 4.88 in, 3D || 3.53 in cropped from a single panel ||  3.88 in, 3D || 4.88 in, 3D || 4.88 in (?)
 |-
-| Gyroscope || [http://dl-web.dropbox.com/u/20520664/references/PS-ITG-3200-00-01.4.pdf Invensense ITG-3270 MEMS Gyroscope] || ?? || ?? || ?? || ??
+| Bottom Screen ||  3.00 in || 4.18 in || 3.00 in cropped from a single panel || 3.33 in || 4.18 in || 4.18 in (?)
 |-
-| Accelerometer || ST Micro 2048 33DH X1MAQ Accelerometer Model LIS331DH || ?? || ?? || ?? || ??
+| Storage ||colspan="2"| Toshiba THGBM2G3P1FBAI8 1GB ||colspan="1"| Changed between O3DS and N3DS parts depending on production date ||colspan="2"| Samsung KLM4G1YEQC 4GB (in 1.3GiB SLC mode) or Toshiba THGBMBG4P1KBAIT 2GB (MLC, approx. 1.8GiB usable) ||colspan="1"| Samsung KLM4G1FEPD 4GB
 |-
-| Wifi || Atheros AR6014 || ?? || ?? || ?? || Atheros AR6014G-AL1C
+| Speaker, Microphone, Circlepad, Touch controller || TI PAIC3010B 0AA37DW || ?? || TI AIC3010D 35AQ9NW || TI AIC3010B 39C4ETW  || TI AIC3010D 48C01JW || ??
 |-
-| Infrared IC || NXP S750 0803 TSD031C || ?? || ?? || ?? || NXP S750 1603 TSD438C
+| Gyroscope || [https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Gyro/PS-ITG-3200-00-01.4.pdf Invensense ITG-3270 MEMS Gyroscope] || ?? || ?? || ?? || ?? || ??
 |-
-| Custom Microcontroller || Renesas UC CTR || ?? || Renesas UC CTR 324KM47 KG10  || Renesas UC KTR || Renesas UC KTR 442KM13 TK14
+| Accelerometer || ST Micro 2048 33DH X1MAQ Accelerometer Model LIS331DH || ?? || ?? || ?? || ?? || ??
 |-
-| PMIC? || TI 93045A4 OAAH86W || ?? || ?? || TI 93045A4 38A6TYW G2 || TI 93045A4 49AF3NW G2
+| Infrared IC || NXP S750 0803 TSD031C || ?? || ?? || ?? || NXP S750 1603 TSD438C || NXP S750 0210 TSD651C
+|-
+| Custom Microcontroller || Renesas UC CTR || ?? || Renesas UC CTR 324KM47 KG10  || Renesas UC KTR || Renesas UC KTR 442KM13 TK14 || ??
+|-
+| PMIC? || TI 93045A4 OAAH86W || ?? || ?? || TI 93045A4 38A6TYW G2 || TI 93045A4 49AF3NW G2 || TI 93045A4 72ASRHW G2
+|-
+| Charging IC ||colspan="6"| CKP TI [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/bq24072.pdf BQ24072]
+|-
+| Wifi || Atheros AR6014 || ?? || ?? || ?? || Atheros AR6014G-AL1C || ??
+|-
+| Wifi SPI Flash
+| Raw ID data: 20 58 || ?? || ?? || Raw ID data: 62 62 || ?? || ??
 |}
@@ Line 57: / Line 78: @@
 * [12] This IC is somewhat similar to [http://www.alldatasheet.net/datasheet-pdf/pdf/347838/NXP/SC16IS750IBS.html this].
+* The Raw ID data for Wifi SPI Flash is from command 0x9F, RDID.
 == FCRAM ==
@@ Line 74: / Line 96: @@
 == GPU ==
-Designed by Digital Media Professionals Inc. (DMP) and codenamed PICA 200, 268Mhz. Supports OpenGL ES 1.1.
+Designed by Digital Media Professionals Inc. (DMP) and codenamed PICA200, 268Mhz.
+Block diagram of an ULTRAY2000 based architecture PICA200:
 [[File:Pica200BlockDiagram.png]]
-Block diagram of an ULTRAY2000 based architecture PICA200
+PICA200 is compatible with OpenGL ES 1.1. It furthermore provides unique functionality for:
+* Per-fragment lighting ("Lighting Maestro")
+* Hard- and soft-shadowing ("Shadow Maestro")
+* Polygon subdivision ("Figure Maestro")
+* Bump mapping and procedural textures ("Mapping Maestro")
+* Rendering of gaseous objects ("Particle Maestro")
+Some parts of the extended functionality are provided in hardware by an extended geometry pipeline. Most importantly, PICA200 has three programmable vertex processors. There is furthermore a unit called [[GPU/Primitive_Engine|Primitive Engine]], which is a geometry shader unit (using the same instruction set as vertex shaders) with support for variable-size primitives. The Primitive Engine functionality may be disabled, and the geometry shader unit then acts as a fourth vertex processor. See [[Shader_Instruction_Set]] for more information on the shader instruction set.
+[[GPU/Fragment Lighting|Fragment lighting]] is implemented as an optional pipeline step during pixel processing. It's implemented by having the vertex shader output an additional attribute describing the transformation (represented by a quaternion) to surface-local space. This per-vertex quaternion can then be interpolated across screen space to calculate dot products relevant for lighting (e.g. light vector dot normal vector). To provide support for advanced lighting models, these dot products are used as indices into programmable lookup tables. With this setup, PICA200 in particular supports the shading models Blinn-Phong, Cook-Terrance, Ward, and microfacet-based BRDF-models.
+PICA200 supports four texture units, the fourth of which is used exclusively for [[GPU/Procedural Texture Generation|procedural texture generation]].
 == SDIO controller ==
-Nintendo recommends SD cards up to 32 GB however the internal SDIO controller seems to support SD cards up to 2.19 Terabyte (32-bit sector number). It's unknown if it really can handle that much. 128 GB was tested and works fine however it causes a major slowdown of the system especially at boot.
+Nintendo recommends SD cards up to 32 GB. The internal SDIO controller seems to support SD cards up to 2.199 Terabyte (32-bit sector number). Up to 2TB (AGI TF138) has been tested and works, however larger SD sizes increase system boot time. The larger the SD capacity, the greater the bootup slowdown. 64-128GB tends to be the sweet spot for most users, with only an extra 0.5-1.0 seconds added to boot time as the tradeoff for the larger size.
+SD cards should be formatted FAT32 with a 64KB unit size for maximum compatibility.
+[[File:Gm9_2tb_sd.png]]
+[[File:Ftpd_2tb_sd.png]]
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Capacity !! Boot time (NEW2DS) !! Boot time (OLD3DS)
+|-
+| No SD cards || 7 seconds || 8 seconds
+|-
+| 16GB || 10 seconds || 11 seconds
+|-
+| 64GB || 12 seconds || 11 seconds
+|-
+| 256GB || 19 seconds || 20 seconds
+|-
+| 2TB || 60 seconds || 60 seconds
+|}
+* Tests were made on NEW2DS 11.16.0.49J and OLD3DS 11.15.0.47J.
+* Boot time is the time until you see the home menu (software icons are still loading) after pressing power button.
 == Images ==
@@ Line 133: / Line 190: @@
 This is the interface for the 'NEW' WiFi module (based on Atheros AR6002) first included in DSi.
-The proprietary and by now ancient DS-mode WiFi is colored yellow, pins are unknown.
+The proprietary DS-mode WiFi is colored yellow, pins are unknown.
-I2C eeprom is colored blue:
+I²C eeprom is colored blue:
 * SCL
 * SDA
@@ Line 147: / Line 204: @@
 * NC
-=== Auxiliary Microntroller ===
+=== Auxiliary Microcontroller (MCU) ===
 [[Image:CTR_UC.png|600px]]
 Monitors HOME button, WiFi switch, 3D slider, volume control slider.
-Controls LEDs, various power supplies.
+Controls LEDs, various power supplies via an I²C connection to the PMIC.
-Devices attached to I2C bus:
+Two I²C buses are attached to the MCU. For one, the SoC is the master; for the other, the MCU is the master.
-* UC (master?)
+Devices attached to MCU master I²C bus:
+* MCU (master)
+* Fuel Gauge
 * Accelerometer (slave address 0x18)
-* SoC (master? slave?)
+* PMIC
+* maybe more?
+Devices attached to the SoC master I²C bus:
+* SoC (master)
+* MCU
+* LCD
+* Camera
+* QTM (New3DS-only)
+The MCU uses the [http://mcs.uwsuper.edu/sb/327/Resources/RL78.pdf RL78 ISA].
+The MCU uses some custom Special Function Registers, but documentation for much of the hardware protocol/general SFRs can be found [http://courses.ee.sun.ac.za/Computer_Systems_245/Dokumentasie/RL78%20hardware%20manual%20(registers).pdf here].