Latest revision as of 15:19, 26 December 2025

CRO with extension .cro is used for "DLLs". CRS with extension .crs is in the same format of CRO but storing the symbol information of the static module (the main application). The end of the file is aligned to a 0x1000-byte boundary with 0xCC bytes.

The CRO hashes before the magic are hashed themselves and verified against the CRR hash table.

When the RO module loads the entire CRO into process memory (mapped in the 0x00100000-0x04000000 region), it relocates the mapped CRO data (eg. such that offsets can be dereferenced). The magic field is also changed to "FIXD" if fix level is not 0.

Upon loading, the RO module will look for export symbol "nnroAeabiAtexit_" to patch it to its import symbol "__aeabi_atexit".

For dumping symbols and loading a CRO into IDA, see [1] and [2].

Structure

Offset	Size	Description
0x00	0x20	SHA-256 hash over the raw data from offset 0x80 to *(code offset), exclusive
0x20	0x20	SHA-256 hash over the raw data from (code offset) to (module name offset), exclusive
0x40	0x20	SHA-256 hash over the raw data from (module name offset) to (data offset), exclusive
0x60	0x20	SHA-256 hash over the raw data from (data offset) to (data offset + data size), exclusive (RO does NOT check this hash)
0x80	0x04	Magic "CRO0"
0x84	0x04	Name offset
0x88	0x04	Next loaded CRO pointer, set by RO during loading (Usually zero when the CRO is being loaded)
0x8C	0x04	Previous loaded CRO pointer, set by RO during loading
0x90	0x04	File size
0x94	0x04	.bss size
0x98	0x04	Fixed size, set by RO after fixing, used to keep track of the new size
0x9C	0x04	Unknown
0xA0	0x04	Segment offset that is always the same as export symbol "nnroControlObject_". 0xFFFFFFFF in CRS
0xA4	0x04	Segment offset for "OnLoad" function, which will be called when the module is initialized. Set to 0xFFFFFFFF if not exists.
0xA8	0x04	Segment offset for "OnExit" function, which will be called when the module is finalized. Set to 0xFFFFFFFF if not exists.
0xAC	0x04	Segment offset for "OnUnresolved" function, which will be called when an unresolved function is called. Set to 0xFFFFFFFF if not exists.
0xB0	0x04	Code offset
0xB4	0x04	Code size
0xB8	0x04	.data offset
0xBC	0x04	.data size
0xC0	0x04	Module Name offset
0xC4	0x04	Module Name size
0xC8	0x04	Segment Table offset
0xCC	0x04	Segment Table num (size = num * 12)
0xD0	0x04	Named Export Table offset
0xD4	0x04	Named Export Table num (size = num * 8)
0xD8	0x04	Indexed Export Table offset
0xDC	0x04	Indexed Export Table num (size = num * 4)
0xE0	0x04	Export Strings offset
0xE4	0x04	Export Strings size
0xE8	0x04	Export Trie offset
0xEC	0x04	Export Trie num (size = num * 8)
0xF0	0x04	Import Module Table offset
0xF4	0x04	Import Module Table num (size = num * 20)
0xF8	0x04	Import Relocations offset
0xFC	0x04	Import Relocations num (size = num * 12)
0x100	0x04	Named Import Table offset
0x104	0x04	Named Import Table num (size = num * 8)
0x108	0x04	Indexed Import Table offset
0x10C	0x04	Indexed Import Table num (size = num * 8)
0x110	0x04	Anonymous Import Table offset
0x114	0x04	Anonymous Import Table num (size = num * 8)
0x118	0x04	Import Strings offset
0x11C	0x04	Import Strings size
0x120	0x04	Unknown Relocations base parameter offset
0x124	0x04	Unknown Relocations base parameter num (size = num * 8)
0x128	0x04	Internal Relocations offset
0x12C	0x04	Internal Relocations num (size = num * 12)
0x130	0x04	Unknown Relocations offset
0x134	0x04	Unknown Relocations num (size = num * 12)

Segment offset

Bits	Description
0-3	Segment index for table
4-31	Offset into segment

Segment Table entry

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Segment offset
0x4	0x4	Segment size
0x8	0x4	Segment id (0 = .text, 1 = .rodata, 2 = .data, 3 = .bss)

Named Export Table entry

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Name offset
0x4	0x4	Segment offset for export

Indexed Export Table entry

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Segment offset for export

Export Trie entry

Each entry represents a node in the trie:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x2	Flags (bits 0-2: bit index, bits 3-15: char index)
0x2	0x2	Left node info (bit 0-14: node index, bit 15: is leaf)
0x4	0x2	Right node info (same as left node)
0x6	0x2	Index for the named exports table

The root node is a dummy node, with the right child being a leaf and pointing to the empty string. Hence the search must be performed starting from the left child.

Search is performed by extracting the bit of the input using informations encoded in the flags. If the bit is 0 or the offsets are out of bounds the search continues on the left, else on the right. The search always yields a result, which may not match the input string, so a final strcmp call is required.

Named Import Table entry

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Name offset
0x4	0x4	Offset of the head of a linear list that contains the patches for this import

Indexed Import Table entry

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	index of the export symbol
0x4	0x4	Offset of the head of a linear list that contains the patches for this import

Anonymous Import Table entry

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Segment offset of the export symbol
0x4	0x4	Offset of the head of a linear list that contains the patches for this import

Import Module Table entry

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Module name offset
0x4	0x4	Indexed import num
0x8	0x4	Offset of the head of a sub list in Indexed Import Table
0xC	0x4	Anonymous import num
0x10	0x4	Offset of the head of a sub list in Anonymous Import Table

Relocation entry

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Segment offset for output.
0x4	0x1	Relocation type (R_ARM_NONE = 0, R_ARM_ABS32 = 2, R_ARM_REL32 = 3, R_ARM_THM_PC22 = 10, R_ARM_CALL = 28, R_ARM_JUMP24 = 29, R_ARM_TARGET1 = 38, R_ARM_PREL31 = 42)
0x5	0x1	For import relocations, non-zero if last entry; for internal relocations, this is the referred segment index
0x6	0x1	For import relocations, 1 is written to first entry if all symbols loaded successfully; unknown (padding?) for internal relocations
0x7	0x1	Unknown (padding?)
0x8	0x4	addend

Relocation code from RO:

static Result writeRelocation(u32* out, u32 relocType, u32 addend, u32 base, u32 inputPtr) {
    const s32 branchOffset = inputPtr - base;
    u32 offset = base + addend - inputPtr;

    if (relocType == R_ARM_NONE)
        return 0;

    if (relocType == R_ARM_ABS32 || relocType == R_ARM_TARGET1) {
        *out = base + addend;
        return 0;
    }

    if (relocType == R_ARM_REL32) {
        *out = offset;
        return 0;
    }

    if (relocType == R_ARM_THM_PC22) {
        // +-4MB.
        if (branchOffset >= 0x400000 || branchOffset <= -0x400000)
            return 0xD9012C23;

        if (base & 1) {
            *out = (((offset >> 12) | 0xF000) << 16) | ((offset << 4) >> 5) | 0xF800;
        } else {
            if (offset & 2)
                offset += 2;

            *out = ((offset >> 12) | 0xF000) << 16 | ((offset << 4) >> 5) | 0xE800;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    if (relocType == R_ARM_CALL) {
        // +-32MB.
        if (branchOffset >= 0x2000000 || branchOffset <= -0x2000000)
            return 0xD9012C23;

        if (base & 1) {
            *out = ((offset << 23) & 0x1000000) | ((offset << 6) >> 8) | 0xFA000000;
        } else {
            *out = 0xEB000000 | ((offset << 6) >> 8);
        }

        return 0;
    }

    if (relocType == R_ARM_JUMP24) {
        // +-32MB.
        if (branchOffset >= 0x2000000 || branchOffset <= -0x2000000 || (base & 1))
            return 0xD9012C23;

        *out = (*out & 0xFF000000) | ((offset << 6) >> 8);
        return 0;
    }

    if (relocType == R_ARM_PREL31) {
        *out = addend + ((base << 1) >> 1) - inputPtr;
        return 0;
    }

    return 0xD9012C22;
}

Fields 0x120, 0x130

Field 0x130 is a list of relocations which serve an unknown purpose. Field 0x120 is a list of entries related to the previous list:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	0x4	Offset to a relocation entry in field 0x130
0x4	0x4	Segment offset used for calculating the "base" parameter

nnroControlObject

Signature:

Result nnroControlObject(void* arg, u32 type);

Type	Description
0	Write address of "nnroEitNode_" to memory pointed by arg ((u32)arg = &nnroEitNode_)
1	Set global in CRO to arg, where arg is the CRO end (g_CRO_end = (u32)arg)
2	Write CRO end to memory pointed by arg ((u32)arg = g_CRO_end)
3	Write begin, end of function list (C initializers?) to memory pointed by arg ((u32)arg = (u32)listBegin, ((u32*)arg)[1] = (u32)listEnd)
4	Write begin, end of function list (C++ initializers?) to memory pointed by arg ((u32)arg = (u32)listBegin, ((u32*)arg)[1] = (u32)listEnd)

"EitNode" are nodes of a linked list containing informations about the main executable + loaded modules:

Index Word	Type	Description
0	EitNode*	Pointer to the previous element of the list
1	EitNode*	Pointer to the next element of the list
2	u32	Module code start, for the main executable this is .text base, for CROs this is the value at CRO+0xB0
3	u32	Module code end (start + size), for the main executable the size is the size of all mapped sections, for CROs it's the value at CRO+0xB4
4	u32*	Unknown, seems to be an array of u32, probably holds debugging informations
5	u32*	This points at the end of the previous array
6	ElfNode* (?)	Unknown, this is only set for the main executable node, and it points to itself

Type	Description
0	Write address of "nnroEitNode_" to memory pointed by arg ((u32)arg = &nnroEitNode_)
1	Set global in CRO to arg, where arg is the CRO end (g_CRO_end = (u32)arg)
2	Write CRO end to memory pointed by arg ((u32)arg = g_CRO_end)
3	Write begin, end of function list (C initializers?) to memory pointed by arg ((u32)arg = (u32)listBegin, ((u32*)arg)[1] = (u32)listEnd)
4	Write begin, end of function list (C++ initializers?) to memory pointed by arg ((u32)arg = (u32)listBegin, ((u32*)arg)[1] = (u32)listEnd)

CRO0: Difference between revisions